何况

hé kuàng

let alone

HSK 5

Character Breakdown

Usage of 何况

The word 何况 (hé kuàng) is used to emphasize a stronger or more obvious case following a weaker or less likely one. It translates as "let alone" or "much less" in English. It often appears in sentences where the first condition is already difficult or impossible, and the second condition is even more so.

Common Collocations

  • ......,何况... (lián... dōu méi..., hékuàng...): "didn't even..., let alone..." — used to stress the impossibility or difficulty of the second action compared to the first.
  • 何况... (hékuàng hái...): "let alone also..." — adds an additional, more challenging condition.

Pragmatic Notes

Using 何况 implies the speaker assumes the listener agrees that the second condition is obviously more difficult or unlikely. It is often used in spoken and written Mandarin to strengthen an argument or explanation.

Common Confusion

Do not confuse 何况 with 何必 (hébì), which means "why bother" or "need not." 何况 specifically emphasizes a stronger case following a weaker one, while 何必 questions the necessity of an action.

Example Sentences

他连作业都没做,何况考试呢?

Tā lián zuòyè dōu méi zuò, hékuàng kǎoshì ne?

He didn't even do his homework, let alone the exam.

我连饭都没吃,何况去参加聚会。

Wǒ lián fàn dōu méi chī, hékuàng qù cānjiā jùhuì.

I haven't even eaten, let alone go to the party.

他没有时间学习,何况还要工作。

Tā méiyǒu shíjiān xuéxí, hékuàng hái yào gōngzuò.

He doesn't have time to study, let alone work as well.