Meaning and Usage
"胆小" (dǎnxiǎo) literally combines "胆" (gallbladder, symbolizing courage) and "小" (small), meaning 'timid' or 'cowardly.' It describes someone who lacks courage or is easily frightened.
Common Contexts
This adjective is often used to describe personality traits, especially in situations involving fear or hesitation. It can be used in everyday conversation to gently criticize or encourage someone to be braver.
Collocations and Patterns
- 胆小怕事: timid and afraid of trouble, often avoiding conflicts.
- 胆小鬼: a coward (colloquial, sometimes teasing).
- 胆小如鼠: as timid as a mouse, emphasizing extreme timidity.
Usage Notes
"胆小" is generally neutral but can carry a slightly negative tone when used to criticize. It contrasts with words like "勇敢" (brave). Avoid confusing "胆小" with "害怕" (to be afraid), as "胆小" describes a personality trait rather than a temporary feeling.
Summary
Use "胆小" to describe people who are habitually fearful or lack courage, especially in social or risky situations. It is common in spoken and written Chinese and useful for describing character traits realistically.